Geographic Atrophy (GA): What Causes Geographic Atrophy and How Is It Managed?

Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration characterized by the gradual loss of retinal cells, leading to progressive central vision loss. It results from chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and degeneration of the retina’s photoreceptors and supporting structures.

Symptoms include blurry central vision, difficulty reading, and challenges in recognizing faces. While GA progresses slowly, it significantly impacts daily activities.

Management focuses on slowing progression through lifestyle modifications, nutritional supplements (AREDS2 formula), and regular monitoring via optical coherence tomography (OCT). Recently approved complement inhibitors offer new treatment options that help reduce the rate of retinal cell loss.

Early detection and ongoing care are essential to preserving remaining vision and improving quality of life for patients with GA.